How the Flu Spreads
The flu is an infection of the nose, throat and lungs. It’s mainly caused by 2 types of flu viruses:
- Influenza A
- Influenza B
It spreads very easily from person to person. A person can spread the flu virus to others even before they notice any symptoms.
They release infectious respiratory particles (the virus) into the air during actions like:
- Coughing
- Sneezing
- Talking
- Breathing
You can get the flu if you breathe the virus in, or if the virus comes into direct contact with your eyes, nose or mouth. For example, if someone coughs or sneezes on you.
People may also have the virus in infectious secretions like their saliva or mucus. You can get the flu if you touch:
- Their saliva or mucus.
- Surfaces and objects contaminated by them, then touch your eyes, nose or mouth before cleaning your hands.
Surfaces and objects that are often touched by others are more likely to have infectious particles or secretions, such as:
- Phones
- Door Handles
- Light Switches
- Elevator Buttons
Personal Protective Measures
In addition to getting the flu vaccine, you can reduce your risk of getting or spreading the flu by:
- Staying home when you’re sick.
- Wearing a well-fitting mask.
- Opening windows and doors when possible to improve indoor air ventilation.
- Washing your hands often with soap and water for at least 20 seconds.
- if unavailable, use a hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol and rub your hands together for 20 seconds or until dry.
- Coughing and sneezing into a tissue or your elbow instead of your hand.
- Avoiding touching your eyes, nose or mouth with unclean hands.
- Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces and objects regularly that are often touched by others.
Credit: Government of Canada